1īased on 2020 data from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 78.4 percent of Serbians have access to the internet, with a mobile broadband rate of 94.3 percent and a fixed broadband penetration rate of 25.1 percent. In 2020, 81 percent of Serbian households had an internet connection, with 90.5 percent using fixed-line broadband service and 71.9 percent using mobile broadband. According to 2020 data from the Statistical Office of Serbia, 74.3 percent of households have a computer, while 94.1 percent have a mobile phone. Serbia’s internet penetration rate has increased in recent years. Serbia is a parliamentary democracy with competitive multiparty elections, but in recent years the ruling Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) has steadily eroded political rights and civil liberties, putting pressure on independent media, the political opposition, and civil society organizations. Moreover, the Security Information Agency (BIA) is an alleged client of Circles, an Israeli surveillance company that allows customers to monitor and collect user data by exploiting weaknesses in mobile telecommunications infrastructure. The surveillance infrastructure also poses concerns law enforcement and security agencies have historically accessed telecommunications metadata without adhering to proper legal procedures. Online journalists are occasionally held criminally liable for their work, and they have faced a rise in harassment and threats in response to their reporting. However, while the online media landscape is diverse, there has been an increase in disinformation spread by progovernment news sites, some of whose owners are connected to the ruling party. Serbia’s internet freedom environment remains relatively open, featuring high levels of internet access, limited website blocking, and strong constitutional protections for journalists. Emergency Assistance and Thematic Programs.Afghanistan Human Rights Coordination Mechanism.Government Accountability & Transparency.
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